PA1010-GF50 Grilamid 1SVX-50H black 9288 EMS Switzerland

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聚酰胺共聚物polyamide polymer在聚酞按聚合过程中,加人少量第几或第三组分的其他聚酞胺进行共聚合得到的聚合物。其主要特点是:熔点比原单独聚合物低(同晶型除外)玻璃化温度和密度大致遵从加和性规律,结晶性和结晶速度下降,透明性、吸湿性增大,强度与构成它的主体聚酸胺相近,但伸长率,柔韧性增加。可用注塑、挤塑、吹塑等方法成型。主要用于单丝、薄膜和管材。

用途
聚酰胺主要用于合成纤维,其最 突出的优点是耐磨性高于其他所有纤维,比棉花耐磨性高10倍,比羊毛高20倍,在混纺织物中稍加入一些聚酰胺纤维,可大大提高其耐磨性;当拉伸至3-6%时,弹性回复率可达10 0%;能经受上万次折挠而不断裂。

聚酰胺纤维的强度比棉花高1-2倍、比羊毛高4-5倍,是粘胶纤维的3倍。但聚酰胺纤维的耐热性和耐光性较差,保持性也不佳,做成的衣服不如涤纶挺括。另外,用于衣着的锦纶-66和锦纶-6都存在吸湿性和染色性差的缺点,为此开发了聚酰胺纤维的新品种——锦纶-3和锦纶-4的新型聚酰胺纤维,具有质轻、防皱性优良、透气性好以及良好的耐久性、染色性和热定型等特点,因此被认为是很有发展前途的。

该类产品用途广,是以塑代钢、铁、铜等金属的好材料,是重要的工程塑料;铸型尼龙广泛代替机械设备的耐磨部件,代替铜和合金作设备的耐磨损件。适用于制作耐磨零件,传动结构件,家用电器零件,汽车制造零件,丝杆防止机械零件,化工机械零件,化工设备。如涡轮、齿轮、轴承、叶轮、曲柄、仪表板,驱动轴,阀门、叶片、丝杆、高压垫圈、螺丝、螺母、密封圈,梭子、套简,轴套连接器等。

代替铜等金属
由于聚酰胺具有无毒、质轻、优良的机械强度、耐磨性及较好的耐腐蚀性,因此广泛应用于代替铜等金属在机械、化工、仪表、汽车等工业中制造轴承、齿轮、泵叶及其他零件。聚酰胺熔融纺成丝后有很高的强度,主要做合成纤维并可作为医用缝线。

用于各种医疗及针织品
在民用上,可以混纺或纯纺成各种医疗及针织品。锦纶长丝多用于针织及丝绸工业,如织单丝 袜、弹力丝 袜等各种耐磨的锦纶袜,锦纶纱巾,蚊帐,锦纶花边,弹力锦纶外衣,各种锦纶绸或交织的丝绸品。锦纶短纤维大都用来与羊毛或其他化学纤维的毛型产品混纺,制成各种耐磨经穿的衣料。

在工业上锦纶大量用来制造帘子线、工业用布、缆绳、传送带、帐篷、渔网等。在国防上主要用作降落伞及其他军 用织物。


主要产品
随着汽车的小型化、电子电气设备的高性能化、机械设备轻量化的进程加快,对尼龙的需求将更高更大。特别是尼龙作为结构性材料,对其强度、耐热性、耐寒性等方面提出了很高的要求。尼龙的固有缺点也是限制其应用的重要因素,特别是对于PA6、PA66两大品种来说,与PA46、PAl2等品种比具有很强的价格优势,虽某些性能不能满足相关行业发展的要求。
因此,必须针对某一应用领域,通过改性,提高其某些性能,来扩大其应用领域。 由于PA强极性的特点,吸湿性强,尺寸稳定性差,但可以通过改性来改善。


Ems-Chemie is a Swiss corporate group based in Domat/Ems, in the canton of Graubünden, whose companies are grouped under "Ems-Chemie Holding". This is the only listed company belonging to the scope of consolidation and is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. On 31 December 2013, the stock market capitalization reached CHF 7.4 billion. The main shareholders are "Emesta Holding AG" with 60.82% and Miriam Blocher with 8.89%.

Organization
Ems-Chemie is represented in 22 countries and produces at 26 production sites in 16 countries, with the main location in Domat/Ems.[2] In 2013, the Group's production focus was in Europe (Switzerland 46.2%, Germany 12.2%), followed by the USA (9.2%) and Asia (China 7.3%, Japan 6.6%). The largest sales markets of the Group are Germany (21.9%), China (14.0%) and the USA (11.9%).[1]

The Ems Group is structured in branches for high-performance Polymere (Ems-Grivory and Ems-Eftec), with sales of CHF 1.6 billion, and specialty chemicals (Ems-Griltec and Ems-Patvag), with sales of CHF 0.3 billion.[1] Ems-Eftec offers equipment and materials for the automobile industry in the fields of gluing (body parts), densities (welding seams), vapors (vibration of the sheet metal) and protection (plastisols for the body). Ems-Grivory produces high-performance polymers that are delivered to customers as granules. From these high-performance polymers, the customers manufacture plastic parts, for automobile engineering, mobile phones, display windows, LEDs, packaging, baby bottles, eyeglasses, etc. Ems-Griltech produces hot-melt adhesives (for clothing, automobile electronics, packaging, composites) as well as separating and adhesive yarns for the textile industry, fibers for press felts (i.e. paper machine felts), powder coatings (i.e. glass and aluminum faucets, machines, appliances, radiators) which are heat, UV and cold resistant. Ems-Patvag develops and produces igniters (ei. airbags, belt tensioners) for safety systems in the automobile sector.

History

The founding of Hovag
In 1936 Werner Oswald founded "Holzverzuckerungs AG" ("Hovag") based in Zürich, for the production of, among other things, a fuel additive for motor vehicles made from wood ethyl alcohol using the Scholler method in Domat.[3][4] On 23 August 1940, the Swiss Federal Council approved the production of 20,000 hl of fuel and secured its acquisition of the production costs. This was added to the gasoline and the higher costs were compensated by federal funding. Due to the scarcity of raw materials as a result of the Second World War, on 24 March 1941, a contract with delivery and pick up obligation of more than 98200 tons of fuel was made, with an end date of the 31. March 1955, including production costs, (including provisions and repayment of state employment contributions). Through this, until the end of the Second World War 30% of the fuel requirements were covered in Switzerland. In addition, on 25 June 1942, a further contract was created for the supply of 2000 tons of feed yeast per year, of which only a total of 2639 tons were delivered due to supply shortages.[5] From 1944 to 1947, the company invested in patents and administrations AG ("Patvag AG"), a sister company of "Hovag", focused on hydropower plants, in order to secure their energy supplies.[6] In 1948, Hovag began producing ammonia, in 1949 urea synthesis, and in the 1950s Hovag began with the production of caprolactam from which polyamide plastics and, from the subsidiary company, Fibron S.A., polyamide fibers (brand names Grilon) were made. Shortly afterwards, the first foreign sales company was founded, GRILON & Plastics Machinery Ltd. based in Dover (UK). In 1954 the "Hovag" was one of the largest employers with 1015 employees and consumed about half of the electrical energy of the canton of Graubünden. [9] When, on 13 May 1956, a national referendum decided against the further subsidization of ?Hovag? for the years 1956 to 1960 in the amount of CHF 28.3 million,[5][7][8] it stopped the production of ethyl alcohol.

In 1947, "Inventa AG" was founded for research and patent utilization (later, process engineering and plant engineering were combined). In the mid-1950s "Inventa" built more than 300 plants (117 in China) for caprolactam, plastics and synthetic fibers.

Before its acquisition by Christoph Blocher, Ems-Chemie was developing a kind of napalm weapon in the 1950s that was used in Indonesia and Yemen.[9]

The years since 1960
In 1960, "Hovag" was renamed "Emser Werke AG". The founding in 1962 of Chemie Holding Ems AG[10] was listed for the first time on the Vorb?rse Zurich on 17 December 1962. In the 1960s, "Emser Werke AG" expanded its product portfolio on an ongoing basis and established independent subsidiaries. In 1963, EMS Patvag was founded for ignition systems. In 1972, Christoph Blocher, who had entered the legal department as a student in 1969, was elected chairman of the board of directors and delegate of the board of directors. In 1978, the various Ems companies were merged under the umbrella of the Chemie Holding Ems AG. On 23 February 1979, the founder Werner Oswald died in the middle of a meeting. Christoph Blocher continued to lead the company, began to focus on engineering plastics and changed the name to "Ems Chemie Holding AG" and "Ems Chemie AG" in 1981.

In 1983, he was commissioned, by the founding Oswald family, to find a buyer for the shares of Ems Chemie Holding AG. Blocher decided to take over the Oswald family's own share package and therefore had the majority of votes at the company. In the following years the "Ems" expanded and took over several other companies. In 1988 "Ems" focused on the three business areas polymeric materials, fine chemicals (EMS Dottikon) and engineering.

Amongst the new products, which were developed continuously, was a highly rigid polyamide in 1991. A year later the ?Ems? celebrated its 50th birthday of production. In 1997, the "Ems Togo" business unit entered into a joint venture with H.B. Fuller Automotive USA, which appeared under the name of "Eftec". Three years later there was a joint venture between ?Eftec? and the Czech company D-Plast to open up the Central and Eastern European market.

In 2000, the group was made up of four main self-employed companies "Ems Grivory" (technical thermoplastics), "Ems Griltec" (technical fibers and adhesives), "Ems Primid" (thermosets), "Ems Services" (central services workshop Domat / Ems). The following year Blochers eldest daughter Magdalena Martullo joined the company. At the beginning of 2003, the Blocher family decided that the "Ems" should remain a publicly traded shares company and introduced the unit names shares.

On 10 December 2003, Christoph Blocher was elected to the Federal Council. Since a Federal Council member is not allowed to have any economic connections, he gave up all his positions at the "Ems" group and sold his majority stake in "Ems Chemie-Holding AG" to his four children on 30 December. On 1 January 2004, his daughter, Magdalena, took over the group management as vice-president and Delegate of the board of directors. In the same year "Ems Grivory" was divided into the independent areas "Ems GrivoryEuropa", "Ems Grivory America" and "Ems Grivory Asia".

In 2005, Blocher's son Markus's, ?Ems Dottikon?, was split up as an independent company. The three sisters surrendered their shares to their brother and in return received shares in "Emesta Holding AG". This meant that the three sisters held the majority of shares of Ems-Chemie Holding. In the following year, the "Tegra" biomass power plant (wood-chip power plant) was put into operation, reducing CO2 emissions at the Domat / Ems plant by 80%.

In 2007, Miriam Blocher reduced her stake in "Ems-Chemie Holding", the majority was now owned by Magdalena Martullo-Blocher and Rahel Blocher. "Ems Togo" took over all the joint venture shares of H.B. Fuller and changed the name to ?Ems Eftec?. In the same year, the special polymers of ?Ems Grivory? received the drinking water permit, which allowed new applications in the sanitary sector to be realized. In the following years, "Ems" launched a series of new products and opened new production sites worldwide.


In 2010 "Ems Eftec" sold the Aftermarket segment and focused on direct delivery. In 2011, EMS celebrated its 75-year company anniversary; on this occasion Karl Lü?nd's released his company biography "Success as an order. ?Ems-Chemie?: The History of an Impossible Company". At Domat / EMS, the highest fully automated high-bay warehouse in Switzerland was put into operation and EMS is selected by General Motors and Bosch as supplier of the year. Foxconn described EMS as the strategic supplier of the year.