7301 HDPE 台塑

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高密度聚乙烯（HDPE），为白色粉末或颗粒状产品。无毒，无味，结晶度为80%～90%，软化点为125～135℃，使用温度可达100℃；硬度、拉伸强度和蠕变性优于低密度聚乙烯；耐磨性、电绝缘性、韧性及耐寒性较好；化学稳定性好，在室温条件下，不溶于任何有机溶剂，耐酸、碱和各种盐类的腐蚀；薄膜对水蒸气和空气的渗透性小，吸水性低；耐老化性能差，耐环境应力开裂性不如低密度聚乙烯，特别是热氧化作用会使其性能下降，所以树脂中须加入抗氧剂和紫外线吸收剂等来改善这方面的不足。高密度聚乙烯薄膜在受力情况下热变形温度较低，应用时要注意。

主要用途
高密度聚乙烯树脂可采用注射、挤出、吹塑和旋转成型等方法成型塑料制品。采用注射成型可成型出各种类型的容器、工业配件、医用品、玩具、壳体、瓶塞和护罩等制品。采用吹塑成型可成型各种中空容器、超薄型薄膜等。采用挤出成型可成型管材、拉伸条带、捆扎带、单丝、电线和电缆护套等。
另外，还可成型建筑用装饰板、百叶窗、合成木材、合成纸、合成膜和成型钙塑制品等

包装储运
贮存时应远离火源，隔热，仓库内应保持干燥、整洁，严禁混入任何杂质，严禁日晒、雨淋。运输应贮放在清洁、干燥有顶棚的车厢或船舱内，不得有铁钉等尖锐物。严禁与易燃的芳香烃、卤代烃等有机溶剂混运。例如，农夫山泉的四升装的矿泉水的大桶，就是此材料。

特性
【基本特性】高密度聚乙烯是一种不透明白色腊状材料，比重比水轻，比重为0.941~0.960，柔软而且有韧性，但比LDPE略硬，也略能伸长，无毒，无味。
【燃烧特性】易燃，离火后能继续燃烧，火焰上端呈黄色，下端呈蓝色，燃烧时会熔融，有液体滴落，无黑烟冒出，同时，发出石蜡燃烧时发出的气味。
【主要优点】耐酸碱，耐有机溶剂，电绝缘性优良，低温时，仍能保持一定的韧性。表面硬度，拉伸强度，刚性等机械强度都高于LDPE，接近于PP，比PP韧，但表面光洁度不如PP。
【主要缺点】机械性能差，透气差，易变形，易老化，易发脆，脆性低于PP，易应力开裂，表面硬度低，易刮伤。难印刷，印刷时，需进行表面放电处理，不能电镀，表面无光泽。
【应用场合】用于挤出包装薄膜，绳索，编织袋，渔网，水管；注塑低档日用品及外壳，非承载荷构件，胶箱，周转箱；挤出吹塑容器，中空制品，瓶子。
【注塑工艺】HDPE有数不清的应用，范围从可重复使用的薄壁饮料杯到5－gsl罐，消费国内生产的HDPE的1/5。注塑品级一般熔体指数5～10，有具有韧性较低流动性品级和具有可加工性的较高流动性品级。用途包括日用品和食品薄壁包装物；有韧性、耐用的食品和涂料罐；高抗环境应力开裂应用，如小型发动机燃料箱和90－gal垃圾罐。
一般的HDPE熔点为142℃，分解温度为300℃；注塑温度的可调区间较大。注塑时，一般使用温度为180℃-230℃；因是烯烃类塑料，它不吸水，生产时，不需烘干，但为了产品质量，可用60℃温度烘干1hr，以排出浮水；聚乙烯的熔体粘度大，流长比小，薄壁制品可能缺胶，因此，浇口和流道相对较大；制品易带静电，表面易吸埃。收缩率为16‰，溢边值为0.05mm。

特征
高密度聚乙烯具有良好的耐热性和耐寒性，化学稳定性好，还具有较高的刚性和韧性，机械强度好。介电性能，耐环境应力开裂性亦较好。硬度、拉伸强度和蠕变性优于低密度聚乙烯；耐磨性、电绝缘性、韧性及耐寒性均较好，但与低密度绝缘性比较略差些；化学稳定性好，在室温条件下，不溶于任何有机溶剂，耐酸、碱和各种盐类的腐蚀；薄膜对水蒸气和空气的渗透性小、吸水性低；耐老化性能差，耐环境开裂性不如低密度聚乙烯，特别是热氧化作用会使其性能下降，所以，树脂需加入抗氧剂和紫外线吸收剂等来提高改善这方面的不足。高密度聚乙烯薄膜在受力情况下的热变形温度较低，这一点应用时要注意

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from the monomer ethylene. It is sometimes called "alkathene" or "polythene" when used for HDPE pipes.[1] With a high strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the production of plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant piping, geomembranes and plastic lumber. HDPE is commonly recycled, and has the number "2" as its resin identification code.

In 2007, the global HDPE market reached a volume of more than 30 million tons.

Properties
HDPE is known for its high strength-to-density ratio.[4] The density of HDPE ranges from 930 to 970 kg/m3.[5] The standard method to test plastic density is ISO 1183 part 2 (gradient columns), alternatively ISO 1183 part 1 (MVS2PRO density analyzer).[6] Although the density of HDPE is only marginally higher than that of low-density polyethylene, HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength (38 MPa versus 21 MPa) than LDPE.[7] The difference in strength exceeds the difference in density, giving HDPE a higher specific strength.[8] It is also harder and more opaque and can withstand somewhat higher temperatures (120 °C/248 °F for short periods). High-density polyethylene, unlike polypropylene, cannot withstand normally required autoclaving conditions. The lack of branching is ensured by an appropriate choice of catalyst (e.g., Ziegler–Natta catalysts) and reaction conditions.

HDPE is resistant to many different solvents, so it cannot be glued.[clarification needed] Pipe joints must be made by welding.

The physical properties of HDPE can vary depending on the molding process that is used to manufacture a specific sample; to some degree, a determining factor is the international standardized testing methods employed to identify these properties for a specific process. For example, in rotational molding, to identify the environmental stress crack resistance of a sample, the notched constant tensile load test (NCTL) is put to use.[9]

Owing to these desirable properties, pipes constructed out of HDPE are ideally applicable for drinking water[10] and waste water (storm and sewage).


HDPE has a wide variety of applications; for applications that fall within the properties of other polymers, the choice to use HDPE is usually economic:

3D printer filament
Arena board (puck board)[12]
Backpacking frames
Ballistic plates
Banners
Bottle caps
Boats
Chemical containers
Chemical-resistant piping
Coax cable inner insulator
Conduit protector for electrical or communications cables
Corrosion protection for steel pipelines
Electrical and plumbing boxes
Far-IR lenses
Fireworks
Folding chairs and tables
Food storage containers
Fuel tanks for vehicles
Geomembrane for hydraulic applications (such as canals and bank reinforcements)
Geothermal heat transfer piping systems
Heat-resistant firework mortars
Housewrap (Tyvek)
Hovercraft: The material is too heavy and dense for such craft but is still used occasionally
Ionizing radiation shield[13][14]
Laundry detergent jugs
Lasts for shoes
Microwave telescope windows
Milk jugs
Natural gas distribution pipe systems[15]
Piping for fluid, slurry and gas purposes
Plastic bags
Plastic bottles suitable both for recycling or re-use
Plastic surgery (skeletal and facial reconstruction)[16]
Potable water mains[10]
Root barrier
Shampoo bottles
Sewage mains[11]
Snowboard rails and boxes
Stone paper
Storage sheds
Swimming pool installation
Trackout control mats
Telecom ducts[17]
Water pipes for domestic water supply and agricultural processes[10]
Wood plastic composites (utilizing recycled polymers)

HDPE is also used for cell liners in subtitle D sanitary landfills, wherein large sheets of HDPE are either extrusion welded or wedge welded to form a homogeneous chemical-resistant barrier, with the intention of preventing the pollution of soil and groundwater by the liquid constituents of solid waste.

HDPE is preferred by the pyrotechnics trade for mortars over steel or PVC tubes, being more durable and safer: HDPE tends to rip or tear in a malfunction instead of shattering and becoming shrapnel like the other materials.

Milk bottles, jugs, and other hollow goods manufactured through blow molding are the most important application area for HDPE, accounting for one-third of worldwide production, or more than 8 million tonnes.

Above all, China, where beverage bottles made from HDPE were first imported in 2005, is a growing market for rigid HDPE packaging, as a result of its improving standard of living. In India and other highly populated, emerging nations, infrastructure expansion includes the deployment of pipes and cable insulation made from HDPE.[2] The material has benefited from discussions about possible health and environmental problems caused by PVC and polycarbonate associated bisphenol A (BPA), as well as its advantages over glass, metal, and cardboard.